Mumps rubulavirus (Mumps)

Epidemiology
CSF pleiocytosis occurs in at least half of mumps infections, although most do not have symptoms. Meningitis ocurs in 1-10%, and encephalitis in 0.1%. Males are more commonly affected than females.

Signs and symptoms

 * Parotitis: CNS disease can precede this by a week or follow it by two weeks, and in 50% of CNS cases there is no salivary gland involvement.
 * Fever in some cases
 * Epididomo-orchitis: occurs in 15-30% of adult men
 * Sensorineural hearing loss

Meningitis
Usually benign course, symptoms peak for about 48 hours and then resolve after, for a total duration of illness of 7-10 days

Signs and symptoms

 * Fever
 * Headache
 * Vomiting
 * Neck stiffness
 * Lethargy

Encephalitis
Most severe form of disease

Signs and symptoms

 * Seizures
 * Altered level of consciousness
 * Focal symptoms'

Imaging
Imaging has shown evidence of encephalitis affecting the brainstem, basal ganglia, splenium of the corpus callosum, claustrum. , and hippocampus

Prognosis
Mortality is low (1.5%) and morbidity is rare. Prognosis is worse in children than adults.

Other CNS presentations
Facial palsy

Cerebellar ataxia

Transverse myelitis

Ascending polyradiculitis (Guillain-Barre syndrome)

Flaccid paralysis

Aqueductal stenosis and hydrocephalus