Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES)

Signs/symptoms

 * Altered mental status
 * Headache
 * Seizures
 * Vision changes

Risk factors
Risk factors in pediatric patients include:
 * HIV. This was reported in a case report but the patient was also hypertensive so it's not clear if HIV played any role.
 * Autoimmune disease
 * Immunosuppression
 * Hypertension
 * Anemia
 * Renal failure

Prognosis
In a small series of 13 pediatric patients, symptoms resolved 1-8 days after diagnosis, with a median of 3 days. However there was higher mortality (15% vs. 3%) and longer length of stay (13.1 vs. 4.6 days) compared with age and mortality-risk matched controls.

Long-term epilepsy was not seen in a series of 13 pediatric patients who had AEDs discontinued at follow up.