Anti-IgLON5 antibody encephalitis

Introduction
== Signs and symptoms ==
 * Sleep disturbances (100%)
 * Sleep apnea (95%)
 * Parasomnia (86%)
 * Stridor during sleep (83%)
 * Insomnia (73%)
 * Daytime sleepiness (59%)
 * Brainstem symptoms (91%)
 * Dysphagia (86%)
 * Dysarthria (68%)
 * Vocal cord paralysis (64%)
 * Sialorrhea (59%)
 * Respiratory failure (41%)
 * Stridor during wakefulness (14%)
 * Gait instability (73%)
 * Dysautonomia (64%)
 * Urinary dysfunction (45%)
 * Perspiration episodes (32%)
 * Cardiac dysfunction (18%)
 * Orthostatic hypotension (9%)
 * Movement disorders (64%)
 * Chorea (32%)
 * Others including distal myoclonus, hand tremor, dystonic posturing, oromandibular dystonia (27%)
 * Parkinsonism (23%)
 * Facial spasms including blepharospasm, mandibular spasm, hemifacial spasm, or myokymic-like movements of the lower face (23%)
 * Ataxia
 * Chorea
 * Oculomotor findings (59%)
 * Cognitive dysfunction (41%)
 * Seizures (rare)

Imaging
In one case report, MRI showed diffusion restriction in the cerebellar white matter, midbrain tegmentum, superior cerebellar peduncles, and ventral thalamus. However in most cases reported there were no significant MRI findings except for mild brainstem and cerebellar atrophy.

Treatment
In a case report, the patient had improvement with methylprednisolone pulses and 10 plasma exchange sessions. Case series have generally suggested improvement with steroids, plasmapheresis, and/or IVIG.